Question 1

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, and what is its primary site of production?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); produced by the anterior pituitary lobe

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is its mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; inhibits osteoclasts to decrease calcium in blood

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic capillaries in the intestinal mucosa?

Accepted Answer

They absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood

Question 4

During an inflammatory response, which sequence correctly describes the steps of phagocyte mobilization?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis → Margination → Diapedesis → Chemotaxis

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with a deficiency in T cell maturation. Which lymphoid organ is most likely underdeveloped, and what is its unique structural feature compared to other lymphoid organs?

Accepted Answer

Thymus; stroma is made up of epithelial cells, not reticular fibers

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH and prolactin?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary function of the spleen's red pulp?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of old blood cells and bloodborne pathogens

Question 8

A patient with a severe bacterial infection is found to have pus accumulating in a wound. What is the composition of pus, and what process leads to its formation?

Accepted Answer

Pus is a mixture of dead neutrophils, tissue/cells, and living/dead pathogens; it forms during phagocyte mobilization and inflammation

Question 9

Which equation best represents the activation of complement proteins via the classical pathway?

Accepted Answer

Antibody + Invading Organism \rightarrow Complement Activation \rightarrow C3 \rightarrow C3a + C3b

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, and what is its effect on blood volume?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); increases water in blood, raising blood volume

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes, acting as the most effective antigen presenter

Question 12

A patient with an autoimmune disorder is found to have regulatory T cells that are not functioning properly. What is the consequence of this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Failure to prevent autoimmunity, leading to immune attacks on self-antigens

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and maintains the corpus luteum at the start of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Production of erythrocytes

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and is secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Which process ensures that T cells are both able to recognize self-MHC proteins and unresponsive to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

Positive and negative selection during maturation in the thymus

Question 17

A patient is exposed to poison ivy, which contains haptens. What immune response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Immune system attacks self-proteins combined with haptens, causing harmful reactions

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating growth in bones and skeletal muscle, and what is its site of production?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH); produced by the anterior pituitary lobe

Question 19

Which equation best represents the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Insulin} + 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{blood}} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{cells}} ightarrow 	ext{Decrease in blood glucose}$$

Mini-Textbook Study Guide: The Endocrine and Immune Systems

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard