$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an atom?

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle is found orbiting the nucleus and is responsible for the atom's chemical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 3

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its net charge?

Accepted Answer

Neutral (0)

Question 4

Which statement about electron shells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first shell is filled before the second shell and can hold up to two electrons.

Question 5

A mixture in which the solid particles are large enough to settle out over time is called a:

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) forms a cation?

Accepted Answer

It loses an electron, resulting in a net positive charge.

Question 7

What type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share electrons unequally, resulting in partial charges?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

CH4 (methane)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary source of energy for cellular activities.

Question 10

What is the chemical equation for the breakdown of ATP to ADP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about acids?

Accepted Answer

They release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.

Question 12

A solution has a pH of 3. Compared to a solution with a pH of 6, how much higher is its hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

1000 times higher

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log [\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a salt formed from the reaction of an acid and a base?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 16

What is the main difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids only partially dissociate.

Question 17

Which of the following ions is most important for maintaining electrical activity in the heart and brain?

Accepted Answer

Na+

Question 18

A molecule of water (H2O) is considered a polar molecule because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative and pulls electrons closer, creating partial charges.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

They lack positive and negative charges for water to interact with.

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process that involves both the release and absorption of hydrogen ions to maintain pH in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffer system involving carbonic acid and bicarbonate

Module 1: Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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