Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the central (Haversian) canal in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply bone cells.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which event directly follows the binding of Ca$$^{2+} to $$troponin?

Accepted Answer

Troponin shifts, moving tropomyosin and exposing binding sites on actin.

Question 3

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of their femur. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between fetal and adult bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Fetal bone growth occurs primarily through ossification, gradually replacing cartilage with bone.

Question 5

Which protein is the main component of the thick filament in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 6

A muscle fiber is stimulated and Na$$^+$$ ions enter the cell, causing depolarization. What is the next step in the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

SR releases Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why muscles get stronger with consistent exercise?

Accepted Answer

Muscles increase the number of myofibrils, mitochondria, and enzymes, leading to stronger contractions.

Question 8

Which type of muscle fiber is most likely to be found in muscles responsible for maintaining posture?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow-twitch)

Question 9

Which structure in compact bone allows for horizontal connections between central canals?

Accepted Answer

Perforating (Volkmann's) canals

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, which affects the bone's ability to resist compressive forces. Which part of the bone is most directly responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Lamellae

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the bone type with its example?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone – Vertebrae

Question 12

During the sliding filament process, what is the role of ATP after the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, causing it to release from actin.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Stores calcium for muscle contraction

Question 14

Which step in the neuronal signaling process initiates muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

SR releases Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 15

A long bone is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

It is longer than it is wide, such as the femur.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the epimysium?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds the entire muscle for protection and structure.

Question 17

Which event occurs immediately after the action potential travels down the T-tubules in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

SR releases Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}$$ binds to troponin → Myosin binds to actin → Power stroke

Question 19

Which part of the sarcomere shortens during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

I-band

Question 20

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting tropomyosin would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with muscle contraction due to inability to regulate actin-myosin binding

Muscle and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard