$$\text{Creatine phosphate} + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{Creatine} + \text{ATP}$$

$$\text{Muscle Force} \propto \text{Number of Active Motor Units}$$

$$V_{m} \rightarrow \text{more positive}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions required for muscle contraction.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

ACh binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, initiating an action potential.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the process of direct phosphorylation in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Creatine phosphate} + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{Creatine} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

A patient is unable to perform rapid, fine motor movements with their fingers. Which motor unit type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Small motor units

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myelination is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Myelination increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission by allowing saltatory conduction.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between temporal summation and recruitment in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation affects a single motor unit, while recruitment involves multiple motor units.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in crossbridge cycling during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, myosin detaches from actin, ATP is hydrolyzed, myosin reattaches to actin, power stroke occurs.

Question 8

Which formula best represents the relationship between the number of active motor units and muscle force?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Muscle Force} \propto 	ext{Number of Active Motor Units}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting signals to other cells

Question 10

A muscle fiber is observed to have a single nucleus, no striations, and spindle-shaped cells. Which type of muscle is this?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They myelinate axons in the central nervous system.

Question 12

Which equation represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} ightarrow 	ext{more positive}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Each region of the axon depolarizes and triggers the next region to depolarize, allowing the action potential to move down the axon.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the Z disc in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the boundary between adjacent sarcomeres and anchors thin filaments.

Question 15

Which of the following changes would you expect in muscle tissue after resistance exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased number of myofibrils and hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are clusters in the PNS.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium-potassium (Na-K) pumps in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

They continuously pump Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+ in to $$maintain a negative resting membrane potential.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the epimysium in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds the entire muscle, providing structural support.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP without oxygen and is less efficient than aerobic respiration.

Muscle and Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

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