Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, and smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary.

Question 2

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and initiates the sliding filament mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Ca\^{2+}

Question 4

A patient presents with muscle weakness and rapid fatigue after minimal exertion. Which disorder is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required for the detachment of myosin heads from actin filaments.

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 7

A muscle that assists the prime mover by adding extra force or reducing unnecessary movement is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Synergist

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Action potential in sarcolemma → release of Ca\^{2+} from sarcoplasmic reticulum → cross-bridge formation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains muscle tetany?

Accepted Answer

A sustained contraction resulting from rapid, repeated stimulation without relaxation

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the prime mover (agonist) in muscle action?

Accepted Answer

Provides the major force for producing a specific movement

Question 11

A patient is unable to flex their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the refractory period in muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

The time during which a muscle fiber cannot respond to a second stimulus

Question 13

Which of the following is a common cause of muscle soreness after intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle tissue

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the force generated by a muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$F = m 	imes a$$

Question 15

Which of the following muscle diseases is characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the perimysium in muscle anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Storage of calcium ions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct definition of a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 20

Which of the following is a symptom of myalgia?

Accepted Answer

Muscle pain

Muscle and Nervous System Study Guide: Anatomy & Physiology

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