Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP gain from anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells?

$$2 \text{ Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{ Pyruvate} + 2 \text{ ATP}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction?

$$\text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{Energy}$$

Question 1

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to the loss of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the motor end plate. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which protein binds calcium ions to initiate the exposure of myosin-binding sites on actin?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 4

Which process provides the fastest way for muscle cells to regenerate ATP during short, intense bursts of activity (lasting about 15 seconds)?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 5

What is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing calcium ions

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP gain from anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{ Pyruvate} + 2 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 7

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 8

A toxin blocks the ACh receptor at the neuromuscular junction, preventing ion flow and muscle contraction. Which substance acts in this way?

Accepted Answer

Curare

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

Which structure in the CNS is responsible for mechanical protection, chemical protection, and circulation of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 11

A muscle fiber is unable to relax after contraction. Which of the following is most likely NOT occurring?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin covers the myosin-binding sites

Question 12

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals and has an enormous surface area?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 13

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates the entry of metabolic wastes into the brain

Question 15

Which muscle tissue type is characterized by syncytia of individual cells joined at intercalated discs and does not regenerate?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

A basal level of contraction that keeps muscles firm

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ACh is released, ACh binds to receptors, muscle action potential is generated, ACh is broken down

Question 18

Which of the following is a structural classification of neurons found in the inner eye or olfactory system?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels must return to resting state before reopening

Question 20

Which part of the CNS is responsible for regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Muscle Tissue and Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology (Bio 201.004 Exam II Review)

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