Q: Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP during the muscle contraction cycle?

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and multinucleated; cardiac muscle is striated with intercalated discs; smooth muscle is non-striated and has a single nucleus.

Question 2

Which connective tissue covering directly surrounds individual muscle fibers in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

A patient suffers from a disease that impairs acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. Which step in muscle contraction is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of the action potential in the muscle fiber

Question 4

Which protein is the major component of thick myofilaments in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 5

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after calcium ions bind to troponin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin shifts, exposing myosin-binding sites on actin

Question 6

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP during the muscle contraction cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for contraction.

Question 8

A muscle that acts as the primary force generator during a movement is called the:

Accepted Answer

Prime mover (agonist)

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine, acetylcholine binds to receptors

Question 10

Which structure in a skeletal muscle fiber is responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the cell?

Accepted Answer

T-tubule

Question 11

If the origin of a muscle is on the scapula and the insertion is on the radius, which movement is most likely produced?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the elbow

Question 12

Which of the following muscles acts as an antagonist to the biceps brachii during elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a tendon?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 14

Which of the following is a synergist muscle during flexion of the forearm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Brachialis

Question 15

Which of the following correctly identifies the functional unit of skeletal muscle and its boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere, bounded by Z lines

Question 16

During the contraction cycle, which event directly follows the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, causing detachment from actin

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles?

Accepted Answer

Agonists produce movement while antagonists oppose the movement.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of connective tissue coverings from superficial to deep in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle cells can contract in a coordinated fashion?

Accepted Answer

They contain intercalated discs that allow electrical coupling between cells.

Muscle Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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