Question 1

Which molecule acts as a storage form of excess ATP energy in resting muscle, and what enzyme is responsible for transferring this energy back to ADP to regenerate ATP during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate (CP); creatine kinase (CK)

Question 2

During peak muscular activity, which metabolic pathway is primarily used to generate ATP, and how many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis; 2 ATP

Question 3

A sprinter is running a 100-meter dash and relies on rapid, powerful muscle contractions. Which muscle fiber type is predominantly used, and what is a key characteristic of this fiber type?

Accepted Answer

Fast fibers; large diameter and quick fatigue

Question 4

Which process is responsible for removing and recycling lactic acid produced during intense exercise, and what organ is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle; liver

Question 5

After strenuous exercise, a person experiences heavy breathing due to increased oxygen demand. What is this phenomenon called, and what is its physiological purpose?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen debt; to replenish ATP and remove lactic acid

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the regeneration of ATP from ADP using creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{CP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{C}$$

Question 7

Which metabolic pathway is the primary energy source for resting muscles, and what substrate does it mainly break down?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism; fatty acids

Question 8

A patient with muscle fatigue is found to have low pH in their muscle tissue. What is the most likely cause of this low pH?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference in ATP yield between aerobic metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism produces 34 ATP; anaerobic glycolysis produces 2 ATP

Question 10

Which hormone is NOT directly involved in adjusting metabolic activities in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

During muscle contraction, up to what percentage of muscle energy can be lost as heat, and what is the physiological consequence of this?

Accepted Answer

Up to 70%; raises body temperature

Question 12

Which muscle fiber type contains the most myoglobin and mitochondria, and what is the functional advantage of this?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers; increased endurance due to efficient aerobic metabolism

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of energy utilization in a typical muscle fiber during sustained activity?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores → Creatine phosphate → Glycolysis → Aerobic metabolism

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the breakdown of ATP to release energy for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 15

A marathon runner relies on endurance and sustained muscle activity. Which muscle fiber type is most beneficial for this activity, and why?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers; they resist fatigue and utilize aerobic metabolism

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of metabolic reserves

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the conversion of lactate back to glucose in the liver after intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cori cycle

Question 18

If a muscle fiber is unable to sustain contraction due to lack of ATP, which energy reserve is most likely depleted first?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate (CP)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic glycolysis in terms of ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism uses oxygen to fully oxidize glucose, yielding more ATP

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of physical conditioning on muscle performance?

Accepted Answer

Decreases the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers

Muscle Tissue: Energy Production and Utilization

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