Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four universal characteristics of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which filament slides over the other to produce movement?

Accepted Answer

Actin slides over myosin

Question 3

Which structure is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 4

A patient is experiencing muscle paralysis after receiving a cosmetic injection. Which toxin is most likely responsible, and what is its mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Botulinum toxin; blocks acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junction

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They bind to troponin, exposing myosin binding sites on actin

Question 6

Which muscle fiber type is most prevalent in large postural muscles of the trunk and legs?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 7

What is the main difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are branched and connected by intercalated discs; skeletal muscle cells are cylindrical and independent

Question 8

Which of the following changes would you expect in skeletal muscle after regular aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increase in mitochondria and myoglobin content

Question 9

During a muscle contraction, which band in the sarcomere does NOT change in length?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 10

Which of the following best describes muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

A condition where muscles lose the ability to contract even though they are still receiving signals to do so

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the motor unit?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, causing $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ channels to open

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the perimysium?

Accepted Answer

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between slow oxidative and fast glycolytic muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers have high fatigue resistance and aerobic ATP synthesis; fast glycolytic fibers have low fatigue resistance and anaerobic ATP synthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a cause of muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen consumption

Question 16

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle performs slow, sustained contractions

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of cross-bridge formation during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin, forming cross-bridges

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H_2O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

Accepted Answer

EPOC refers to the increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity to restore energy reserves

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

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