Question 1

A patient presents with an inability to raise their eyebrows and wrinkle their forehead. Which muscle and cranial nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Frontalis; Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 2

During a physical exam, a patient is asked to tightly close their eyes. Which muscle is primarily responsible for this action, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oculi; Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

A patient with a lesion of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) would have difficulty performing which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Elevating the mandible during chewing

Question 4

Which muscle originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Masseter; Elevates the mandible

Question 5

A patient is unable to rotate their head to the opposite side against resistance. Which muscle and nerve are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid; Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 6

Which muscle is the primary muscle of inspiration, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory diaphragm; Phrenic nerve

Question 7

A patient with a dorsal scapular nerve injury would have difficulty performing which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Retracting and stabilizing the scapula

Question 8

Which muscle is responsible for both flexion and supination of the forearm, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii; Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 9

A baseball pitcher suffers an injury to the suprascapular nerve. Which action would most likely be weakened?

Accepted Answer

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Question 10

Which muscle originates from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest, inserts on the humerus, and is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Latissimus dorsi

Question 11

A patient is unable to extend their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii; Radial nerve

Question 12

Which muscle is responsible for pronating the forearm, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Pronator teres; Median nerve

Question 13

A patient presents with wrist drop (inability to extend the wrist). Which nerve and muscle group are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve; Posterior extensor compartment muscles

Question 14

Which muscle flexes the wrist and is innervated by the median nerve?

Accepted Answer

Palmaris longus

Question 15

A patient is unable to flex the distal interphalangeal joints of their fingers. Which muscle and nerves are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexor digitorum profundus; Median (lateral half) and ulnar (medial half) nerves

Question 16

Which muscle rotates the vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

External abdominal oblique; Intercostal nerves

Question 17

A patient is unable to laterally rotate their arm at the shoulder joint. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Infraspinatus; Suprascapular nerve

Question 18

Which muscle assists in arm abduction and stabilizes the shoulder joint, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Supraspinatus; Suprascapular nerve

Question 19

A patient is unable to medially rotate their arm at the shoulder. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Subscapularis; Subscapular nerve

Question 20

Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the scapula by drawing it forward and downward, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Pectoralis minor; Pectoral nerve

Muscles of the Head, Neck, Thorax, Upper Limb, and Abdominal Wall: Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard