Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrates and interprets sensory input and initiates motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which equation best represents the speed of action potential conduction in a myelinated axon compared to an unmyelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v_{myelinated} \u003e v_{unmyelinated}$$

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for insulating axons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 5

A nerve is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 6

Which type of neuron carries electrical impulses toward the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Question 7

If the connective tissue covering around a fascicle of nerve fibers is called the perineurium, what is the connective tissue covering around a single axon called?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between a neuron and a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A neuron is a cell, and a nerve is a bundle of axons

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of myelin sheaths?

Accepted Answer

They insulate axons and increase the speed of action potential conduction

Question 10

Which of the following structures would be included in the visceral division of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 11

A patient presents with gradual demyelination in the CNS, leading to slower action potential conduction. Which disease is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a tract in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 13

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for nervous system processing?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of myelinated axons ($$n_{myelinated}) $$and the speed of signal transmission ($$v) in a $$nerve?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto n_{myelinated}$$

Question 16

Which cell type in the nervous system helps neurons function more efficiently but does NOT carry electrical impulses?

Accepted Answer

Supporting cell (neuroglia)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integration and interpretation of sensory input

Question 18

Which type of neuron is typically found in sensory organs such as the retina and olfactory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve containing both sensory and motor axons

Nervous System Basics: Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard