Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath surrounding axons in the CNS, slowing action potential propagation

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty initiating movement, minimal facial expression, and a shuffling gait. Which neurotransmitter is most likely deficient in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 3

Which drug class is commonly used to treat depressive disorders by prolonging the lifespan of serotonin in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 4

A newborn is diagnosed with spina bifida. Which preventative measure could have reduced the risk of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid (Vitamin B$$_{9}) $$supplementation three months prior to conception

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary brain tumor of glial cells, most commonly an astrocytoma?

Accepted Answer

Glioma

Question 6

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease is deficient in which enzyme, leading to the accumulation of gangliosides in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase-A

Question 7

Which of the following disorders is characterized by exaggerated unwanted movements and is hereditary?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's Disease

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

Which of the following is a common consequence of poliomyelitis?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis due to motor neuron destruction

Question 10

Which of the following drugs blocks the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in high levels of dopamine and a 'rush' of good feelings?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease). Which neurons are primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and upper motor neurons of the cerebral cortex

Question 12

Which of the following is a diagnostic procedure for infectious meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples

Question 13

Which sleep stage is characterized by rapid eye movements and is when the majority of dreams occur?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Broca's aphasia?

Accepted Answer

Inability to produce speech, but language comprehension remains intact

Question 15

Which EEG wave pattern is most commonly seen in awake adults engaged in mental activity?

Accepted Answer

Beta waves

Question 16

A patient with dementia is most likely to show which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of recent memory and changes in personality

Question 17

Which of the following drugs competes with adenosine and increases alertness by preventing inhibition of acetylcholine release?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine

Question 18

Which disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of disorganized electrical activity in the brain, often resulting in loss of consciousness or uncontrolled muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Epileptic seizures

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible mechanism for the action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in treating depression?

Accepted Answer

They interfere with the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, increasing their availability

Question 20

A patient with Wernicke’s aphasia is most likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fluent speech with adequate grammar and syntax but inability to understand language

Lec 11: Nervous System Disorders

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