Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three primary functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

Which organs are part of the central nervous system (CNS), and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord; processing and integrating information

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Connecting the CNS to limbs and organs

Question 4

How does the sensory (afferent) division differ from the motor (efferent) division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory division carries information to the CNS; motor division carries commands from the CNS to effectors

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls voluntary actions; autonomic controls involuntary actions

Question 6

What are the two main functional divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 7

Which two cell types are found in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neurons and glial cells

Question 8

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves into the neuron, and what is the effect on membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$enters, causing the membrane potential to become more positive

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of signal transmission at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, calcium channels open, neurotransmitter released, neurotransmitter binds to receptor, postsynaptic potential generated, neurotransmitter removed

Question 10

Which glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences demyelination in the CNS. Which glial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Which glial cell acts as the main immune defense in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 13

Which glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain and helps produce cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 14

Which glial cell provides structural support and regulates the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 15

Schwann cells are found in which part of the nervous system, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system; form myelin sheath around axons

Question 16

Satellite cells are found in the peripheral nervous system. What is their main role?

Accepted Answer

Support and regulate the environment around neuron cell bodies in ganglia

Question 17

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves out of the neuron, and what is the effect on membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+}) $$exits, causing the membrane potential to become more negative

Question 18

Which equation best represents the activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na^+}$$ out, $$2\ \mathrm{K^+} in$$, using 1 ATP$

Question 19

A patient is unable to feel pain in their hand but can still move their fingers. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard