Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary activities of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that severs the axons of peripheral nerves in the arm. According to the process of nerve regeneration, which of the following is most likely to occur first?

Accepted Answer

The axon and its sheath distal to the injury site begin to disintegrate within minutes.

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic (II)

Question 4

A person is unable to move their tongue properly and has difficulty swallowing. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between exteroceptors and interoceptors?

Accepted Answer

Exteroceptors respond to stimuli arising outside the body, while interoceptors respond to stimuli from within the body.

Question 6

A patient presents with loss of sensation and motor function in the diaphragm, resulting in difficulty breathing. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells play a critical role in supporting axon regrowth in the PNS.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

They monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Question 9

A patient has lost the ability to sense deep pressure in the skin. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the rate of axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$r = 1 \ 	ext{mm/day}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why damage to a single spinal nerve may not result in complete loss of function in a limb?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerves form plexuses, so multiple nerves supply each limb.

Question 12

A patient is unable to abduct their arm and has lost sensation over the lateral shoulder. Which nerve is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cranial nerve and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) - equilibrium and hearing

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It contains only sensory (afferent) fibers.

Question 15

A patient presents with loss of fine touch sensation in the fingertips. Which receptor is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Meissner's corpuscles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrating sensory information within the brain

Question 18

A patient has difficulty with equilibrium and hearing. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical nerve in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Parallel bundles of axons surrounded by successive wrappings of connective tissue

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the CNS has limited ability to regenerate damaged nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

CNS neurons lack Schwann cells to support axon regrowth.

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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