Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three primary functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the dorsal cavity, affecting both the brain and spinal cord. Which division of the nervous system is primarily impacted?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

A reflex arc consists of several components. Which is the correct sequence for a simple reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myelinated and unmyelinated fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated fibers have a segmented sheath that increases impulse speed

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between the volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an adult and its rate of replacement?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{CSF} = 150\ \mathrm{ml}$$ and \ $$T_{replace} = 8\ \mathrm{hours}$$

Question 7

A patient presents with inflammation of the meninges. What is the most likely diagnosis, and which fluid is sampled to confirm it?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Connect neurons to their nutrient supply and support capillaries

Question 9

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found in the retina and olfactory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 10

A nerve is defined as a bundle of neuron processes in the PNS. Which of the following is NOT a correct classification of nerves based on impulse direction?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron nerves: impulses only within the PNS

Question 11

Which layer of the meninges is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and contains many tiny blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 12

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 13

A patient has lost conscious control of skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerve pairs and their regions?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{cervical} = 8$$, $$N_{thoracic} = 12$$, $$N_{lumbar} = 5$$, $$N_{sacral} = 5$$, $$N_{coccygeal} = 1$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the choroid plexus in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Forms and circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Lie between motor and sensory neurons and shuttle signals through CNS pathways

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration occurs in the PNS if the soma is intact

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls voluntary skeletal muscles; autonomic controls involuntary smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are the receptive region and convey messages toward the cell body

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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