Q: Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron is negative?

K\textsuperscript{+} ions diffuse out of the cell more readily than Na\textsuperscript{+} ions enter

Q: Which equation best represents the action of the Na\textsuperscript{+}/K\textsuperscript{+} ATPase pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3\text{Na}^{+}_{\text{out}} + 2\text{K}^{+}_{\text{in}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis by communicating via electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

During a rapid ascent up Mount Everest, which physiological response is most directly controlled by the nervous system to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and blood flow to vital organs

Question 3

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

A person narrowly avoids a car accident and experiences increased heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron is negative?

Accepted Answer

K	extsuperscript{+} ions diffuse out of the cell more readily than Na	extsuperscript{+} ions enter

Question 6

Which equation best represents the action of the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3	ext{Na}^{+}_{	ext{out}} + 2	ext{K}^{+}_{	ext{in}}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier, increasing conduction velocity

Question 8

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness. Which cellular change is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination of axons, leading to slower nerve impulse conduction

Question 9

Which sequence correctly describes the events of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization $$ \rightarrow $$ Repolarization $$ \rightarrow $$ Hyperpolarization

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the synapse in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

It is the contact point between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, allowing chemical signaling

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the effect of reduced temperature on chemical reactions in the body during high-altitude exposure?

Accepted Answer

Reduced temperature decreases the kinetic energy of molecules, slowing reaction rates

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a direct output of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA in the nucleus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They monitor changes (stimuli) occurring inside and outside the body

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input $$ \rightarrow $$ Integration $$ \rightarrow $$ Motor output

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the effect of ATP depletion on nervous system function?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions in neurons slow down, impairing signal transmission

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of impaired concentration gradients across the neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

Loss of resting membrane potential and impaired action potential generation

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulates hormonal output of the anterior pituitary gland

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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