Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a communication and control system composed of nervous tissue

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid heart rate and dilated pupils after a car accident. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following structures is a group of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Question 4

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

A researcher is studying the blood-brain barrier. Which type of glial cell is most directly involved in maintaining this barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It monitors and controls the digestive tract independently of the CNS

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between white matter and gray matter in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons, while gray matter contains unmyelinated axons and cell bodies

Question 8

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the peripheral nervous system. Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process that occurs at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) $$during neurotransmitter release at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ moves into the synaptic knob from the extracellular fluid

Question 11

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals. Which of the following best describes the process by which the neuron integrates these signals?

Accepted Answer

Summation at the axon hillock, where the net effect determines if an action potential is generated

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron: sensory function

Question 13

A patient is unable to contract their skeletal muscles voluntarily. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

Which glial cell is responsible for phagocytosis in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 16

A neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic receptor and decreases the likelihood of an action potential. This neurotransmitter is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They produce cerebrospinal fluid and help form barriers

Question 18

A patient has damage to the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery to the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a group of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a group of axons in the CNS

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of myelinated axons ($$n_m$$), the number of unmyelinated axons ($$n_u$$), and the total number of axons ($$N) in a $$nerve?

Accepted Answer

$$N = n_m + n_u$$

Nervous Tissue and Divisions: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard