Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are smaller, more prevalent cells that do not transmit signals but serve a variety of supportive functions.

Question 2

A patient presents with paralysis after contracting poliovirus. Which mechanism allows the virus to reach the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde axonal transport

Question 3

Which structural feature of a neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 4

In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), what is the name for a collection of cell bodies?

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Question 5

Which type of neuroglial cell in the CNS is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 6

A neuron is classified as multipolar if:

Accepted Answer

It has many processes arising from the cell body.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin acts as an insulator, enabling saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the rate of fast anterograde axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

$$v = 400 \ 	ext{mm/day}$$

Question 9

Which neuroglial cell type is most likely to increase in activity during an immune response in the brain, potentially leading to 'brain fog' after viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cell

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue in the PNS can regenerate if the cell body remains intact and conditions are ideal.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They anchor neurons and blood vessels, regulate the extracellular environment, and assist in forming the blood-brain barrier.

Question 12

A neuron with one process that divides into two branches, found as sensory neurons in ganglia, is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Unipolar

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated tracts; gray matter consists of cell bodies and unmyelinated tracts.

Question 15

Which supporting cell in the PNS is responsible for forming the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell (Neurolemmocyte)

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during peripheral nerve regeneration?

Accepted Answer

The axon and myelin sheath distal to the injury degenerate, then phagocytes digest the debris (Wallerian Degeneration).

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the location of the nucleus and cytoplasm in myelinated axons of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They are found in the outer surface of the myelinated axon, called the neurolemma.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why newborns have very little myelin in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Myelination in the CNS begins much later, particularly in the brain.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Acting as wandering phagocytes that ingest disease-causing organisms and dead neurons

Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function of Neurons and Neuroglia - 11.2

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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