Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory data and motor commands.

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness and paralysis after exposure to mercury. Which process is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination of axons

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the peripheral sensory ganglia and is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the tips of the toes to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 4

Which neuroglia in the CNS is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 5

A viral infection such as rabies travels from the site of a bite toward the neuron's cell body. Which type of axoplasmic transport is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde flow

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why white matter in the CNS appears glossy white?

Accepted Answer

It is dominated by myelinated axons.

Question 7

Which neuroglia is motile and acts as the resident immune cell of the CNS, engulfing cellular debris and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cells ($$N_{Schwann}) $$required to myelinate an axon of length $$L$$ with internode length $$l_{node} in $$the PNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{Schwann} = \frac{L}{l_{node}}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells myelinate only one segment of one axon.

Question 10

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing loss of motor control and speech problems. What is the primary target of the autoimmune reaction in MS?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 12

Which functional division of the PNS is responsible for involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the interstitial fluid around neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neurons are commonly found in special sense organs.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the total number of possible synaptic connections ($$C) $$formed by a neuron with $$n$$ collaterals, each ending in $$m$$ telodendria, if each telodendrion forms one synapse?

Accepted Answer

$$C = n 	imes m$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of demyelination in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation and motor control

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Myelinating axons in the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons have segments wrapped in myelin, separated by nodes, while unmyelinated axons lack these segments.

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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