Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory information and motor commands

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of coordination. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium exchange pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell per ATP

Question 5

A graded potential that causes the membrane potential to become more negative than the resting potential is called:

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents backward propagation

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be initiated

Question 9

Which of the following best describes saltatory propagation?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node along myelinated axons

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the neuromuscular junction and is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A person is exposed to strychnine, which blocks glycine receptors. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled muscle contractions due to loss of inhibition

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

The effect depends on the properties of the receptor on the postsynaptic cell

Question 13

Which type of ion channel opens in response to physical distortion of the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated ion channel

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around a single axon segment

Question 15

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to demyelination in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Slowed or blocked action potential propagation

Question 16

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3\mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} + 2\mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3\mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2\mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes temporal summation?

Accepted Answer

Summation of rapid, repeated stimuli at a single synapse

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of an ionotropic neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Opening or closing of chemically gated ion channels

Question 19

A neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs). What determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

The net effect of all incoming signals at the axon hillock

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Type A fibers conduct action potentials faster than Type C fibers?

Accepted Answer

Type A fibers are myelinated and have large diameters

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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