Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general functions of neural tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Neural tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses, processing information, and coordinating body activities.

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) motor division is divided into which two subcategories based on the direction they transmit impulses?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following lists the three subcategories of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

Question 4

Which organs are the primary targets of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 5

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite ends of the cell body is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons.

Question 7

Why are neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) generally not replaced after injury?

Accepted Answer

CNS neurons lack centrioles and cannot undergo mitosis.

Question 8

Which of the following best defines white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regions containing mostly myelinated axons

Question 9

Leak channels and gated channels differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Leak channels are always open, while gated channels open or close in response to specific stimuli.

Question 10

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{outside}}{[ion]_{inside}} \right)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A local change in membrane potential that varies in magnitude and decays with distance

Question 12

During an action potential, which sequence correctly describes the changes in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the absolute and relative refractory periods is correct?

Accepted Answer

During the relative refractory period, a second action potential can be generated, but only with a stronger-than-normal stimulus.

Question 14

Which factor would most likely increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the amount of myelination

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to result from this condition?

Accepted Answer

Slower nerve impulse conduction and muscle weakness

Question 16

Which of the following best defines a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A junction where a neuron communicates with another cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters, while electrical synapses transmit signals via gap junctions.

Question 18

Which of the following correctly identifies the main parts of a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic membrane

Question 19

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs at its dendrites. Which process determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What effect will this have on the generation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will be prevented because depolarization cannot occur.

Neural Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

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