Q: Which equation describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a neuron?

Ohm’s Law: $$V = I \times R$$

Question 1

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling the digestive tract and can function autonomously, even when disconnected from the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 2

A neuron is classified as 'multipolar' based on which structural characteristic?

Accepted Answer

It has one axon and multiple dendrites

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receive incoming signals from other neurons

Question 5

Which equation predicts the equilibrium potential for a single ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nernst equation: $$E_{ion} = 61 \log \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 6

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane depolarizes to threshold at the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open and Na$$^+$$ enters the cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the 'absolute refractory period' in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A period when voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels are inactivated and no action potential can be generated

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the rapid, long-distance transmission of electrical signals along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 9

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences muscle weakness due to demyelination. Which physiological process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction of action potentials

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from choline and acetyl CoA, and acts on both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Which type of synaptic response involves G-protein coupled receptors and second messengers, resulting in slow postsynaptic potentials?

Accepted Answer

Slow synaptic potentials

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates spatial summation in neural integration?

Accepted Answer

Two graded potentials from different presynaptic neurons arrive at the postsynaptic neuron simultaneously and combine to reach threshold

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for excitatory signaling in the central nervous system and acts on both AMPA and NMDA receptors?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 14

What is the effect of hyperkalemia on neuronal excitability?

Accepted Answer

It brings the neuron closer to threshold, making it more excitable

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury?

Accepted Answer

They secrete neurotrophic factors to keep the cell body alive and encourage axon regeneration

Question 16

Which equation describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Ohm’s Law: $$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of graded potentials, but NOT action potentials?

Accepted Answer

They lose strength as they travel through the cell

Question 18

Which type of receptor is a monovalent cation channel that responds to acetylcholine and is found on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the removal of acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic breakdown by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties – Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard