Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones and requires energy, while catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy.

Question 2

During glycolysis, which of the following is the net ATP yield from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 3

Which process is responsible for converting glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 4

Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the electron transport system (ETS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ETS uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and generates a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting glucose uptake and storage during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

What is the main energy source for the body during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Stored nutrients such as glycogen and fat

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct summary of ATP yield from aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP from glycolysis, $$2$$ ATP from citric acid cycle, $$28$$ ATP from electron transport system; total $$32$$ ATP

Question 9

Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 10

Which vitamin is fat-soluble and absorbed from the digestive tract with the lipid content of micelles?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 11

A swimmer is exercising vigorously. Which metabolic pathway is most active in their muscle cells to meet increased ATP demand?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by aerobic respiration in mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a primary method of heat transfer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 13

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease basal metabolic rate (BMR) in an elderly individual?

Accepted Answer

Decreased efficiency of the endocrine system

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 15

Which process is responsible for synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 16

Which mineral is required in moderate amounts and is essential for proper nerve and muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of increased NPY (Neuropeptide Y) activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Increased appetite, especially for carbohydrates, and promotion of fat storage

Question 18

Which of the following is the optimal body temperature for enzyme activity in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$37\ ^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to convert ADP to ATP.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Which hormone will be released to restore normal blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Nutrition, Metabolism & Body Temperature: Structured Study Notes

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