Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize it.

Question 2

Which of the following is a source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Potatoes

Question 3

Which of the following is a saturated fat source?

Accepted Answer

Coconut

Question 4

Which of the following is a source of complete proteins?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 5

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 6

A deficiency in which vitamin can result in rickets (bone deformities) in children?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 7

Which mineral is required in moderate amounts (greater than 200 mg per day) and is important for bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, nerve and muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 8

Which mineral is correctly paired with its major function(s)?

Accepted Answer

Zinc (Zn): component of thyroid hormones

Question 9

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

Accepted Answer

All chemical reactions that occur within the body, including both anabolic and catabolic processes.

Question 10

In the oxidation-reduction reaction shown below, what is the correct balanced equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 32\ ATP +\ heat}$$

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 32\ ATP +\ heat}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP synthase and involves the creation of a proton gradient.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

Which of the following best approximates the typical energy yield during cellular respiration from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

32 ATP

Question 14

Which metabolic reaction is stimulated by low blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for ATP production

Question 16

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are more easily excreted from the body than fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of positive nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Occurs during periods of growth, pregnancy, or tissue repair

Question 18

Which of the following is a major use of lipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing insulation and reserve body fuel

Question 19

Which of the following statements about catabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in both the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins in Human Physiology

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