Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons?

Accepted Answer

The axial skeleton consists of bones along the longitudinal axis, such as the skull, thorax, and vertebral column, while the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Question 2

Which function of the skeletal system is directly related to the maintenance of blood calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Storage of minerals

Question 3

A bone that is small, flat, and found within the sutures of the skull is classified as which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Sutural (wormian) bone

Question 4

Which surface feature of a bone is defined as a chamber within a bone, normally filled with air?

Accepted Answer

Sinus

Question 5

A patient suffers a fracture at the narrow connection between the head and diaphysis of the femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region?

Accepted Answer

Neck

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone tissue in a process called osteolysis.

Question 7

Which structure in compact bone carries blood vessels and nerves longitudinally through the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 8

During appositional growth, which process occurs at the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts add successive layers of circumferential lamellae to the outer surface, increasing bone diameter.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

It involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage model with bone.

Question 10

A child is diagnosed with pituitary growth failure. Which of the following best describes the expected effect on their bones?

Accepted Answer

Abnormally short bones due to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity.

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone formation, leading to decreased bone mass and strength.

Question 13

Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone breaking across its long axis?

Accepted Answer

Transverse fracture

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found in areas of bones that are not heavily stressed or where stress arrives from many directions?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone is lighter and its trabeculae are oriented along stress lines, allowing it to withstand stress from multiple directions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → external callus formation → spongy bone formation → compact bone formation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage stage.

Question 17

A patient presents with a break in the distal portion of the radius after falling on an outstretched hand. Which type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Colles fracture

Question 18

Which of the following surface features is a shallow depression in the surface of a bone?

Accepted Answer

Fossa

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone matrix is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed primarily of calcium salts for hardness and collagen fibers for tensile strength.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits osteoclast activity and promotes calcium excretion by the kidneys, lowering blood calcium.

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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