Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of mechanoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

They respond to mechanical force such as touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the upper right shoulder, but examination reveals gallbladder inflammation. What phenomenon is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Referred pain

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the main sensory input from the face?

Accepted Answer

Trigeminal

Question 4

What is the primary reason nerves in the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes form scar tissue and oligodendrocytes prohibit growth

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a property of a reflex?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary

Question 6

During a heart attack, pain is often felt in the left arm. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Referred pain

Question 7

Which receptor type is responsible for detecting body position in muscles, tendons, and joints?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors

Question 8

Sensory adaptation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

The frequency of nerve firing decreases with prolonged stimulus.

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is primarily motor and innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Accepted Answer

Accessory

Question 10

What is the correct sequence for the three levels of sensory processing?

Accepted Answer

Receptor level → Circuit level → Perceptual level

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between stimulus intensity and frequency of nerve firing?

Accepted Answer

$$f = k 	imes I$$

Question 12

A doctor taps the patellar tendon and observes a knee-jerk reflex. Which type of reflex arc is involved?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic reflex arc

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is responsible for regulating heart rate, breathing, and digestive activity?

Accepted Answer

Vagus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes sensory transduction?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of one form of energy (light, heat, chemicals, touch, sound) into another (action potentials)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of Schwann cells in nerve repair?

Accepted Answer

Form scar tissue

Question 16

Babinski’s sign is an abnormal reflex seen in adults when:

Accepted Answer

The primary motor cortex or corticospinal tract is damaged

Question 17

Which of the following is true about nociceptors?

Accepted Answer

They respond to damaging stimuli that result in pain.

Question 18

A patient with an amputated limb reports pain coming from the missing limb. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Phantom pain

Question 19

Which cranial nerve is mostly sensory for balance and hearing?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the brain can distinguish between sight and taste?

Accepted Answer

The location where sensory signals end in the brain determines the modality.

E2 Lecture 6: Peripheral Nervous System

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