Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic motor and visceral motor divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements, while visceral motor controls involuntary smooth and cardiac muscle actions.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin over the lateral forearm. Which spinal nerve plexus is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is classified as both sensory and motor, and is responsible for facial expressions and taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in body position and movement.

Question 5

A reflex arc consists of several components. Which is the correct sequence for a simple stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Upper motor neurons originate in the cerebral cortex or brainstem and synapse on lower motor neurons, which directly innervate skeletal muscles.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between stimulus intensity and frequency of action potentials in a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$f = k 	imes I$$

Question 8

A patient cannot abduct their arm at the shoulder and has numbness over the deltoid region. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of a photoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

It detects light and initiates visual signals.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the major spinal nerve plexuses?

Accepted Answer

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses each supply specific regions of the body with sensory and motor innervation.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the process of sensory transduction at a receptor?

Accepted Answer

A stimulus alters the receptor membrane potential, generating an action potential if threshold is reached.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Crossed-extension reflex

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosynaptic and a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

A monosynaptic reflex involves one synapse between a sensory and motor neuron, while a polysynaptic reflex involves multiple synapses and interneurons.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the conduction velocity $$v of a $$nerve fiber in terms of its diameter $$d$$ and myelination factor $$m$$?

Accepted Answer

$$v = m 	imes \sqrt{d}$$

Question 16

A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the integration center in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It processes sensory input and determines the appropriate motor response.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the overall 'big picture' view of how movement occurs?

Accepted Answer

Movement involves integration of sensory input, processing in the CNS, and activation of motor pathways to effectors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of a nociceptor?

Accepted Answer

It detects tissue damage and initiates pain signals.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a visceral reflex?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Integration

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