Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the elastic fibers surrounding the alveoli in the lung lobule?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and allow the alveoli to recoil after being stretched during inspiration.

Question 2

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the thoracic cavity volume increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

The pressure inside the lungs decreases.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 4

A patient has a puncture wound that allows air into the pleural cavity. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The lung on the affected side will collapse due to loss of negative intrapleural pressure.

Question 5

Which muscle is the primary driver of increased thoracic volume during quiet inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 6

What is the main function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

To decrease surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Question 7

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily recruited in addition to the normal muscles of expiration?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the pleural pressure is always negative during quiet breathing?

Accepted Answer

The chest wall and lungs recoil in opposite directions, creating a sub-atmospheric pressure in the pleural cavity.

Question 9

If the volume of a gas in a closed container is halved, what happens to the pressure, assuming temperature is constant? (Use Boyle's Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2)$$

Accepted Answer

The pressure is doubled.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the alveolar-capillary barrier is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of fused basement membranes of alveolar and capillary endothelium, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Question 11

A patient with emphysema has lost many alveolar walls. Which of the following is a direct consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased surface area for gas exchange

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the 'bucket handle' motion of the ribs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

It increases the lateral diameter of the thoracic cavity.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between lung volume and pressure during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

As lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases.

Question 14

What is the role of the pleural cavity in normal lung function?

Accepted Answer

It couples the movement of the chest wall to the lungs and lubricates their movement.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why air flows into the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

The pressure inside the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension.

Question 17

During quiet expiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall causes air to flow out.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship shown in the equation $$V \propto \frac{1}{P}$$?

Accepted Answer

As pressure increases, volume decreases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of surfactant deficiency in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar collapse (atelectasis)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the importance of the fused basement membrane in the alveolar-capillary barrier?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes the distance for gas diffusion, facilitating rapid exchange.

Respiratory Physiology: Lecture 2

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard