Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the collapse of alveoli by reducing surface tension.

Question 2

Boyle's Law is essential for understanding pulmonary ventilation. Which equation correctly represents Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 3

A patient is experiencing difficulty in oxygen unloading from hemoglobin at the tissues. Which effect is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Bohr effect

Question 4

Which anatomical feature prevents food and debris from entering the alveoli during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Mucociliary escalator

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hepatic portal circulation?

Accepted Answer

Delivering oxygen-rich blood to the liver

Question 6

Which cell type in the alveoli is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells

Question 7

What is the main function of bile salts in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats to aid in digestion

Question 8

Which equation best describes Henry's Law as it applies to gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$C = kP$$

Question 9

A patient has a deficiency in intrinsic factor. What condition are they most at risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of the enteric nervous system in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

It regulates local reflexes and coordinates peristalsis and secretion.

Question 11

Which chemical is secreted by parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$HCl)$$

Question 12

Which process is most directly responsible for the movement of $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$ across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$ and decreased pH promote oxygen unloading from hemoglobin.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of goblet cells in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of mucus to protect and lubricate the lining

Question 15

Which event triggers the release of secretin in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Presence of acidic chyme

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the swallowing reflex?

Accepted Answer

Oral phase → Pharyngeal phase → Esophageal phase

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle to propel contents forward

Question 19

Which anatomical structure is responsible for preventing reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between the left and right lungs?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes.

Respiratory and Digestive System Study Guide

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