Question 1

Which structure is primarily responsible for warming and humidifying the air before it reaches the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The nasal conchae

Question 2

A patient is exposed to cold air. Which of the following is most likely to occur regarding water vapor in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Water vapor will condense on the cooled nasal conchae

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Vital Capacity (VC) in terms of lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = IRV + TV + ERV$$

Question 4

What is the main function of surfactant produced by type 2 alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Question 5

During inspiration, which pressure relationship is necessary for air to flow into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{intrapulmonary} \u003c P_{atmospheric}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood?

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) is $$higher in the alveoli than in the blood

Question 7

A patient with respiratory acidosis is likely to have which of the following blood gas findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH and increased $$P_{CO_2$}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = IRV + RV + ERV + TV$$

Question 9

What is the primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of gas diffusion across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the difference in partial pressure of the gas across the membrane

Question 11

A person is hyperventilating. What changes would you expect in their blood gas levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreased $$P_{CO_2$}$$ and increased pH

Question 12

Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 alveolar cells

Question 13

If the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is 100 mmHg and in the blood is 40 mmHg, in which direction will oxygen diffuse?

Accepted Answer

From the alveoli into the blood

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of central chemoreceptors in respiration?

Accepted Answer

They detect increases in $$CO_2$$ and decreases in pH in the brainstem

Question 15

What effect does increasing tidal volume have on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the partial pressure of $$CO_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of low pH and high $$CO_2$$ partial pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Increased ventilation to expel more $$CO_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the transport of oxygen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

About 98.5% is bound to hemoglobin, and 1.5% is dissolved in plasma

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely cause alveolar collapse?

Accepted Answer

Absence of surfactant

Question 19

Which formula correctly represents Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

Accepted Answer

$$FRC = ERV + RV$$

Question 20

A patient with thickened alveolar membranes is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Slower diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane

Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Gas Exchange

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