Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

To act as a shock absorber and reduce friction during movement

Question 2

A patient presents with limited ability to rotate their shoulder. Which type of joint is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 3

Which structural classification of joints is characterized by bones connected by dense connective tissue and allows little to no movement?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous joints

Question 4

What is the main difference between synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis joints?

Accepted Answer

Synarthrosis joints are immovable, while amphiarthrosis joints allow limited movement

Question 5

Which type of synovial joint allows for movement in multiple directions, such as the hip and shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 6

A football player suffers a knee injury and is advised to follow the P.O.L.I.C.E. principle. What does the 'L' in P.O.L.I.C.E. stand for?

Accepted Answer

Loading

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during muscle contraction at the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Ca++ binds to troponin, actin-myosin cross bridges form, power stroke occurs

Question 8

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities such as marathon running?

Accepted Answer

Type I slow twitch fibers

Question 9

What is the primary source of ATP production in slow twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the aerobic breakdown of glucose for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

$$CeH_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Producing synovial fluid

Question 12

During muscle relaxation, what is required for Ca++ to return to the terminal cisterna?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 13

Which joint type is found between the first and second cervical vertebrae, allowing rotational movement?

Accepted Answer

Pivot joint

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why exercised muscle cells have more mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To enhance ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

A patient with osteoarthritis is experiencing thinning of cartilage in their knee. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced shock absorption and increased friction

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the initial tagging of glucose with a phosphate group during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber to initiate contraction

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible effect of excessive creatine supplementation in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Potential difficulty on the kidney

Question 19

Which joint type allows for flexion and extension but not rotation, such as the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP by oxidizing nutrients

Review of Joints, Muscles, and ATP Formation

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