An ionic compound that contains cations other than H\textsuperscript{+} and anions other than OH\textsuperscript{-}

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a salt in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

An ionic compound that contains cations other than H	extsuperscript{+} and anions other than OH	extsuperscript{-}

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of lithium chloride in water?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{LiCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{Li}^{+} + \mathrm{Cl}^{-} $$

Question 3

Why are salts considered electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They easily dissociate into ions in water, allowing them to conduct electrical currents

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of salts (electrolytes) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Formation of nonpolar molecules

Question 5

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps and irregular nerve signaling. Which imbalance is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Imbalance of salts (electrolytes) in the body

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a salt?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 7

What is the main difference between acids and bases according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors, bases are proton acceptors

Question 8

Which equation represents the partial dissociation of a weak acid such as H	extsubscript{2}CO	extsubscript{3}?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+} + \mathrm{HCO}_3$$^{-}$$ $$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a base?

Accepted Answer

A substance that accepts protons in water

Question 10

Which equation shows the dissociation of a strong acid such as HCl in water?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^{+} + \mathrm{Cl}^{-} $$

Question 11

If a solution contains a high concentration of H	extsuperscript{+} ions, what can be inferred about its pH and its classification?

Accepted Answer

It has a low pH and is acidic

Question 12

Which of the following statements about electrolytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are salts, acids, and bases that ionize in water and conduct electrical currents

Question 13

A patient is given a solution of NaCl intravenously. What is the primary reason for using this solution in medical practice?

Accepted Answer

To maintain electrolyte balance and proper nerve/muscle function

Question 14

Which of the following is a common misconception about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

All acids completely dissociate in water

Question 15

If the physiological balance of electrolytes is not maintained, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Nerve and muscle function will be disrupted

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why strong acids like HCl are considered strong electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

They completely dissociate in water, producing a high concentration of ions

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for the dissociation of sodium carbonate (Na	extsubscript{2}CO	extsubscript{3}) in water?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{Na}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Na}^{+} + \mathrm{CO}_3$$^{2-}$$ $$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of severe electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted nerve signaling and potential cardiac arrhythmias

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of bases in the body?

Accepted Answer

They accept protons and help neutralize excess acids

Salts, Acids, and Bases: Properties and Roles in Physiology

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