Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction and absorbs shock between articulating bones.

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with a greenstick fracture. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

The bone is bent and partially breaks, common in children.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between force, lever arm, and torque in joint movement?

Accepted Answer

$$T = F 	imes r$$

Question 5

Which hormone is most directly involved in increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

During endochondral ossification, which structure forms first at the center of the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary ossification center

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen leads to increased bone resorption.

Question 8

Which of the following is a synovial joint classified as a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Elbow joint

Question 9

A muscle fiber is stimulated and an action potential is generated. Which event occurs first in the contraction process?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 10

Which equation best represents the calculation of the resting membrane potential ($$V_m) $$using the Nernst equation for potassium ions?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It blocks myosin binding sites on actin at rest.

Question 12

A patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) lacks which important muscle protein, leading to progressive muscle weakness?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 13

Which of the following movements is an example of abduction?

Accepted Answer

Moving the arm away from the midline of the body

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions change muscle length, isometric contractions do not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required for myosin head detachment from actin.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of trabeculae and contains red bone marrow.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

A hematoma forms, followed by a fibrocartilaginous callus, then a bony callus, and finally bone remodeling.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It increases calcium absorption in the intestines.

Question 20

Which of the following is a structural classification of joints that allows the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Skeletal and Muscular Tissues: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica