Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They occupy lacunae and maintain the mineral content of the surrounding matrix.

Question 2

A patient presents with bones that are brittle and fracture easily. Which component of bone tissue is most likely deficient, and what is its normal role?

Accepted Answer

Collagen; it provides flexibility and resilience to bone.

Question 3

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 4

A cross-section of compact bone reveals concentric rings surrounding a central canal. What is the name of these rings, and what do they surround?

Accepted Answer

Lamellae; they surround the central (Haversian) canal.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist compression forces?

Accepted Answer

The deposition of inorganic salts such as calcium phosphate.

Question 6

A bone is described as having a long axis and expanded ends. According to bone classification by shape, which type of bone is this?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 8

A histological slide shows bone cells located in small chambers within the matrix. What are these chambers called?

Accepted Answer

Lacunae

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the central (Haversian) canal in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It houses blood vessels and nerves to supply bone cells.

Question 10

A 12-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets, a disease characterized by soft and weak bones. Which component of bone is most likely deficient, and what is the chemical formula for the main inorganic salt involved?

Accepted Answer

Calcium phosphate; $$\mathrm{Ca_3$(PO_4$)_2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following bones is an example of an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the formation of the central (Haversian) canals in their bones. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood supply to bone cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between lacunae and osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes occupy the lacunae within the bone matrix.

Question 14

A forensic anthropologist finds a bone with equal length and width. Which type of bone is this, and what is a likely example?

Accepted Answer

Short bone; carpal

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the matrix of bone is both strong and slightly flexible?

Accepted Answer

It contains both collagen fibers and inorganic salts.

Question 16

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that fracture easily. Which aspect of bone structure is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

The amount of inorganic salts in the bone matrix

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the microscopic structure of compact bone from the outside in?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum → Lamellae → Lacunae → Central canal

Question 18

A bone biopsy reveals a deficiency in the number of blood vessels within the central canals. What is the most likely consequence for the bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Reduced nutrient and oxygen supply to osteocytes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of inorganic salts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They contribute to the hardness and strength of bone.

Question 20

A patient is found to have abnormal bone shapes that do not fit into the categories of long, short, or flat bones. Which type of bone is most likely affected, and what is an example?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone; vertebra

Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Classification

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