Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the perichondrium in cartilage tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides a source of blood vessels that nourish cartilage cells.

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found covering the ends of most bones at moveable joints and is most abundant in the body?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events for the formation of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, diaphysis elongates, epiphyses ossify

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the blood, and what is its main effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclast activity

Question 6

A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with bowed legs and bone pain. Blood tests reveal low calcium and vitamin D levels. Which bone disorder is most likely present, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; inadequate mineralization due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to withstand both compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain both organic components (collagen fibers) and inorganic components (mineral salts).

Question 8

A patient with a broken bone undergoes the following sequence: hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling. What is the correct order of these stages in bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 9

Which of the following bone cells is responsible for bone resorption and what is the mechanism by which it acts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; secretes acids and lysosomal enzymes

Question 10

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption relative to bone deposition

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass, bone deposition, and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$Bone\ mass = Bone\ deposition - Bone\ resorption$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.

Question 13

A 17-year-old male has stopped growing in height. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The diaphysis and epiphysis have fused, closing the epiphyseal plate.

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Patella; reduces friction and modifies pressure on tendons

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the external layer, while spongy bone consists of trabeculae and is found internally.

Question 16

A patient with a parathyroid tumor has elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). What effect would this have on their bones and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption and increased blood calcium

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the medullary cavity of long bones contains yellow marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow stores fat as a source of energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

A tennis player's dominant arm bones become thicker due to repeated mechanical stress.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium secrete new matrix on the external face of existing cartilage.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification replaces hyaline cartilage with bone, while intramembranous ossification forms bone from a fibrous membrane.

Skeletal System: Cartilage and Bone Structure, Development, and Function

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