Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth increases cartilage thickness by adding new layers to the outside, while interstitial growth increases length by expanding from within.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture. Which of the following correctly lists the typical sequence of healing events?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation $$\rightarrow$$ fibrocartilaginous callus formation $$\rightarrow$$ bony callus formation $$\rightarrow$$ bone remodeling

Question 3

Which of the following statements about osteons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteons are cylindrical structures in compact bone that contain a central (Haversian) canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.

Question 4

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds bone deposition by osteoblasts, leading to decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of Sharpey's (perforating) fibers?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the periosteum to the underlying bone.

Question 6

A child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Defective mineralization of bone matrix due to vitamin D deficiency.

Question 7

Which of the following joints is classified as a multiaxial synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the menisci in the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

They improve the fit between the femur and tibia, absorb shock, and distribute load.

Question 9

A patient with gouty arthritis is experiencing joint pain. What is the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint space.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about synovial joints is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are characterized by a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, and a joint capsule.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of longitudinal bone growth during childhood and adolescence.

Question 12

A patient is unable to rotate their forearm so that the palm faces upward. Which type of synovial movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Supination

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cervical vertebrae compared to thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Presence of transverse foramina in the transverse processes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a protective membrane covering bone, provides a surface for ligament and tendon attachment, and contains cells for bone growth and repair.

Question 15

A 10-year-old child has a fracture that involves only one side of the bone, with the other side bending. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity to resorb bone.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction and absorbs shock at the joint surfaces.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with osteomalacia. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Low serum calcium and/or vitamin D levels, with normal or increased bone matrix but decreased mineralization.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a synarthrosis and a diarthrosis?

Accepted Answer

A synarthrosis is an immovable joint, while a diarthrosis is a freely movable joint.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the clavicle is classified as an appendicular bone?

Accepted Answer

It is part of the pectoral girdle, which attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Skeletal System: Cartilage, Bone, and Joints – Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard