Question 1

A patient presents with a blood calcium level significantly below normal. Which of the following physiological responses is most likely to occur as the body attempts to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), stimulating osteoclasts to release calcium from bone.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why long bones contain both compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone provides strength for weight-bearing, while spongy bone reduces overall weight and absorbs shock.

Question 3

A basketball player lands awkwardly and rolls their ankle inward. Which ligament is most likely to be injured, and what type of movement caused the injury?

Accepted Answer

Anterior talofibular ligament; inversion

Question 4

During a biceps curl, which class of lever is being used, and what is the arrangement of the fulcrum, effort, and load?

Accepted Answer

Third-class lever; effort between fulcrum and load

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron action potential → Calcium enters axon terminal → Acetylcholine released → ACh binds to receptors on motor end plate → Muscle action potential generated

Question 6

Which sarcomere regions become shorter during skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

I band and H zone

Question 7

A patient with myasthenia gravis has antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most direct effect of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Reduced muscle contraction due to impaired transmission of the action potential

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the shoulder joint is more susceptible to dislocation than the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

The shoulder joint has a shallower socket and less bony congruence, allowing greater mobility but less stability.

Question 9

Which muscle fiber type would be most advantageous for a 30-minute walk, and why?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers; they are fatigue-resistant and efficient at aerobic metabolism.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required for both detachment of myosin from actin and for pumping calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 11

A patient spends six weeks in a cast after a femur fracture. Which of the following best describes what happens to the skeletal muscle in the immobilized limb?

Accepted Answer

Muscle atrophy occurs due to decreased stimulation and protein synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of joint type and example, and what movement does it primarily allow?

Accepted Answer

Saddle joint; first carpometacarpal joint; opposition

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a pennate muscle can produce more force than a parallel muscle of similar size?

Accepted Answer

Pennate muscles have more fibers packed into a given area, increasing cross-sectional area and force.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a pre-existing hyaline cartilage model, as seen in long bone development.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Soft callus formation → Hard callus formation → Remodeling

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why increasing the frequency of stimulation increases muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

Frequent stimulation leads to wave summation, where additional stimuli arrive before the muscle fully relaxes, increasing overall tension.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a ligament and a tendon?

Accepted Answer

Ligaments connect bone to bone; tendons connect muscle to bone.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of long bones through endochondral ossification.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios is an example of an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Holding a heavy box stationary without moving your arms.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phosphocreatine is particularly useful at the start of a sprint?

Accepted Answer

It provides a rapid source of ATP for immediate energy needs before glycolysis and aerobic metabolism can contribute.

Skeletal System, Joints, and Muscular System: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology I (Chapters 6, 8, 9, 10)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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