$$\text{Bone Mass} = \text{Bone Formation} - \text{Bone Resorption}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main divisions of the human skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 3

Bones can be classified according to their shape. Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 4

Which part of a typical long bone is responsible for growth in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts have distinct functions. Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

Which combination of bone matrix materials provides both flexibility and strength to bones?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 7

Cancellous bone is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Trabeculae forming a porous network

Question 8

Appositional bone growth results in which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter

Question 9

During endochondral ossification, where do primary ossification centers first appear?

Accepted Answer

In the diaphysis of long bones

Question 10

Which bones are primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones of the skull

Question 11

A child presents with short stature and delayed bone growth. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia

Question 12

Which hormone is the major regulator of blood calcium ($$Ca^{2+}) $$levels, and what stimulates its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); low blood $$Ca^{2+}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step in bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a synovial membrane

Question 14

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing renal reabsorption of $$Ca^{2+}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption

Question 16

A patient with Marfan's syndrome is likely to have which of the following skeletal abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Long, slender limbs and fingers

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between bone mass, formation, and resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Mass} = 	ext{Bone Formation} - 	ext{Bone Resorption}$$

Question 18

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 19

A patient with excessive secretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the skull?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Physiology Study Notes

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