Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 3

A patient presents with a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which structural component of a long bone is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and age, assuming bone mass decreases linearly after peak bone density at age 30?

Accepted Answer

$$M = M_0$ - k(a - 30)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Primary bone is formed first during development and is later replaced by secondary bone

Question 6

During endochondral ossification, which sequence correctly describes the transformation of cartilage to bone?

Accepted Answer

Formation of bone collar, calcification of cartilage, invasion of periosteal bud, development of medullary cavity

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A child with vitamin D deficiency is likely to develop which condition, and what is the physiological basis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets due to impaired calcium absorption and defective bone mineralization

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is composed of tightly packed osteons, while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of bone mineral density (BMD) given mass $$m$$ and volume $$V$$?

Accepted Answer

$$BMD = \frac{m}{V}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a structural component found in all synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 12

A patient has limited movement in the knee due to damage of accessory structures. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bursa

Question 13

Which anatomical classification describes a joint that is united by fibrocartilage and allows limited movement?

Accepted Answer

Cartilaginous joint

Question 14

Which bone is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the role of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence

Question 16

Which equation represents the rate of bone remodeling ($$R) as a $$function of osteoblast activity ($$O_b) $$and osteoclast activity ($$O_c$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = O_b - O_c$$

Question 17

Which of the following bones is part of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Sacrum

Question 18

Which structural type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 19

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of fracture, and why?

Accepted Answer

Compression fracture due to decreased bone mineral density

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling is a continuous process involving both bone resorption and formation

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Development

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