Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis is most likely to experience which of the following bone problems?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to torsion and tensile fractures

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; secretion of $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ and enzymes

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage model forms $$\rightarrow$$ bone collar develops $$\rightarrow$$ primary ossification center forms $$\rightarrow$$ medullary cavity forms $$\rightarrow$$ secondary ossification centers form

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals: $$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 6

A long bone fracture that damages the periosteum would most directly affect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of tendons and ligaments via Sharpey's fibers

Question 7

Which type of bone is most likely to be found embedded within a tendon and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone; to reduce friction and modify pressure

Question 8

A patient with a deficiency in red bone marrow would most likely present with which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood cell counts (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist compression forces?

Accepted Answer

Presence of hydroxyapatite crystals in the inorganic matrix

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the skull (excluding the clavicle)?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 11

A child with a mutation that prevents the formation of secondary ossification centers would most likely have which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Impaired development of the epiphyses of long bones

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Maintain bone extracellular matrix and recruit osteoblasts under tension

Question 13

A patient with osteoporosis has increased activity of which bone cell type, and what is the likely effect on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; increased blood calcium

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct comparison between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification forms flat bones from mesenchyme, while endochondral ossification forms long bones from hyaline cartilage

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It resists forces from multiple directions and protects bone marrow

Question 16

A patient with a mutation affecting Sharpey's fibers would most likely have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of periosteum to underlying bone

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones?

Accepted Answer

A sandwich of spongy bone between layers of compact bone

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of impaired bone mineral storage?

Accepted Answer

Disrupted electrolyte and acid-base balance, leading to muscle cramps and cardiac arrhythmias

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Histology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard