Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone tissue contains osteons (Haversian systems) and is primarily responsible for the strength of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 4

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, which tissue is replaced by bone?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 6

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, leading to increased bone resorption and higher blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A child with vitamin D deficiency presents with soft, poorly mineralized bones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 9

Which structure in a long bone is responsible for growth in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 10

A patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis is likely to have decreased levels of which hormone, leading to increased bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons and is dense; spongy bone has trabeculae and is porous

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus → Bony callus → Bone remodeling

Question 13

Which bone cell type is derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage and is activated by RANKL?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels and acts to decrease those levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise helps prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblasts to build bone

Question 16

A patient with a parathyroid gland tumor that hypersecretes PTH will most likely develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A connective tissue layer covering the external surface of bone, involved in bone growth and repair

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Maintain bone matrix and regulate mineral content

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of flat bones?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitriol (active vitamin D) on calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It increases calcium absorption in the gut

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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