Q: Which of the following equations correctly estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the 'rule of nines'?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = \text{Number of affected areas} \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They line body cavities closed to the exterior and secrete fluid to reduce friction between moving organs.

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowish skin tone. Which pigment and underlying condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin; jaundice due to liver disorder

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and is located closest to the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)

Question 4

A burn patient has damage extending through the epidermis and upper dermis, with red, swollen skin and blisters. What type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding malignant melanoma?

Accepted Answer

It arises from melanocytes and can metastasize quickly via lymph nodes or blood vessels.

Question 6

Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing sebum and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands; lubricate and protect the skin

Question 7

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting collagen production. Which layer of the skin would be most affected and what would be the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Dermis; decreased skin toughness and elasticity

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the stratum corneum is important for skin function?

Accepted Answer

It consists of dead keratinized cells that provide a waterproof barrier and prevent water loss.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the 'rule of nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = 	ext{Number of affected areas} 	imes 9\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the epidermal dendritic cells?

Accepted Answer

Monitor for foreign pathogens and trigger immune responses

Question 11

A patient presents with pallor (blanching) of the skin. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Liver disorder

Question 12

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints and contains capillary loops and touch receptors?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of keratin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

It is a protein that hardens and waterproofs the skin and hair.

Question 14

A patient has a third-degree burn covering 12% of their body surface area. According to clinical guidelines, what is the classification of this burn?

Accepted Answer

Critical burn

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Arises from the stratum spinosum and can metastasize to lymph nodes if not removed

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the palms and soles have a thicker stratum lucidum?

Accepted Answer

They experience more friction and need extra protection.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Composed mostly of adipose tissue; insulates and protects from mechanical trauma

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Skin and Body Membranes: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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