Question 1

Which of the following best describes why water is considered the 'solvent of life'?

Accepted Answer

Because of its polarity and ability to remain liquid at a wide range of temperatures, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

Question 2

A solution is made by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water. In this solution, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is the solvent and NaCl is the solute.

Question 3

Which of the following substances would be considered hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Methane (CH$$_4)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A mixture with a dispersed phase of small particles that do not settle out quickly, such as milk.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{OH^-} $$

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the [H$$^+$$] concentration compared to a solution with pH 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 1000 times higher.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a buffer's function in human blood?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes changes in pH by reversibly binding or releasing H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct representation of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2O} $$

Question 9

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 8, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It decreases by 100 times.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

An inorganic compound that dissociates in water to form ions capable of conducting electricity.

Question 11

A patient’s blood pH drops below the normal range. Which buffer reaction will help restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{HCO_3^-} \rightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} $$

Question 12

Which of the following is true about strong acids?

Accepted Answer

They completely dissociate in water to donate all their H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an emulsion?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible, such as oil and water.

Question 14

A solution with a high concentration of OH$$^-$$ ions and a low concentration of H$$^+$$ ions will have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

It will have a high pH and be basic.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds are hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

They have full or partially charged ends that interact with water molecules.

Question 16

If a solution has a pH of 3 and another has a pH of 5, how many times greater is the [H$$^+$$] in the pH 3 solution compared to the pH 5 solution?

Accepted Answer

100 times greater

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a suspension in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood with suspended cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pH and [H$$^+$$]?

Accepted Answer

pH is the negative logarithm of [H$$^+$$]: $$ \mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H^+}] $$

Question 19

A buffer system in blood involves HCO$$_3^-$$ and H$$_2CO$_3. If $$blood pH rises above normal, which reaction will occur to restore pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2CO_3} \rightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{HCO_3^-} $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a salt in the context of acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base, consisting of a cation other than H$$^+$$ and an anion other than OH$$^-.$$

Solutions, Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, and Buffers in Anatomy & Physiology

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