Question 1

Which of the following best describes a molecular dispersion (true solution)?

Accepted Answer

A system in which the dispersed phase consists of molecules or ions less than 1 nm in diameter.

Question 2

Which equation is used to describe the rate of dissolution of a solute particle in a solvent, according to the Noyes-Whitney equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{dC}{dt} = KA (C_s - C)$$

Question 3

A pharmacist is preparing a solution and wants to increase the rate of dissolution of a poorly soluble drug. Which of the following actions would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature and stirring the solution.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct expression of solubility in quantitative terms?

Accepted Answer

The grams of solute dissolved in 1 L of water.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water's high dielectric constant enables it to separate and stabilize ions through hydration.

Question 6

A solution is prepared by dissolving sodium chloride in water. What type of solvent-solute interaction is primarily responsible for the dissolution?

Accepted Answer

Solvation (hydration) of sodium and chloride ions by water molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of dissolution of a solute in a solvent?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the temperature of the solution.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about colloidal dispersions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The particle size of the dispersed phase ranges from 1 nm to 500 nm.

Question 9

A pharmacist wants to increase the solubility of a weak acid in water. According to the provided formula, which adjustment will be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Raising the pH of the solution.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for the solubility of a weak acid as a function of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$S = S_0$ \left(1 + \frac{K_a}{[H^+]}\right)$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a completely miscible liquid system?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and water.

Question 12

What is the effect of adding electrolytes to a solution of a non-electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

It may either increase or decrease the solubility of the non-electrolyte depending on the system.

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the dissolution of non-polar solutes in non-polar solvents?

Accepted Answer

Solvent action of non-polar liquids.

Question 14

A solution is saturated when:

Accepted Answer

It contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for the partition coefficient (P) between two immiscible liquids?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{C_1$}{C_2$}$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the effect of temperature on solubility is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Solubility of most salts increases with increasing temperature, but some salts may decrease in solubility.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a complex formation that increases water-solubility?

Accepted Answer

$$AgCl + NH_3$ \rightarrow [Ag(NH_3$)_2]Cl$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of dissolution according to the Noyes-Whitney equation?

Accepted Answer

Color of the solute.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about polar solvents is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvents have high dielectric constants and dissolve ionic and polar compounds.

Solutions, Solubility, and Pharmaceutical Applications: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology Students

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard