Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia support, protect, regulate, and repair neurons.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for integrating incoming signals before an action potential is generated?

Accepted Answer

Soma (cell body)

Question 4

During fast axonal transport, organelles move at rates up to 400 mm/day. Which direction does anterograde transport move materials?

Accepted Answer

From cell body to axon terminal

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{m} = -70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 6

A neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which combination is most likely to trigger an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A strong excitatory input that depolarizes the membrane above threshold

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why neurons in the central nervous system have limited ability to repair themselves after injury?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes produce chemicals that impede axon regrowth

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

Question 9

If the threshold for action potential generation is $$-55\ \mathrm{mV}$$, which membrane potential would most likely result in an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$-50\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a disease that impairs Schwann cell function. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following neuron types is most likely to be found in sensory pathways such as the retina?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of materials from the axon terminal back to the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport

Question 14

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which ion channel opens to restore the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated K$$^+$$ channel

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of hyperpolarization on a neuron’s ability to fire an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the likelihood of reaching threshold.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between current ($$I$$), voltage ($$V$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$neuron’s membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

It is the gap between the presynaptic axon terminal and the postsynaptic dendrite.

Question 18

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that keeps voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open longer than normal. What is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged depolarization phase

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction).

Structure and Function of Neurons and Neuroglia in the Nervous System

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