Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It joins monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.1. Based on the pH scale, which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic and below the normal range.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins found in plasma (cell) membranes?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for cell division.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$ and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which of the following statements about denaturation of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structures, often leading to loss of function.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which type of membrane junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption.

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump transporting $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ against their concentration gradients.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of desmosomes in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring adjacent cells together to provide mechanical strength.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit genetic information.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia in respiratory epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Moving mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct definition of osmolality?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into cells via a carrier protein down its concentration gradient.

Question 19

Which of the following cell structures is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 20

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which process is most directly affected at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Study Guide: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport (Chapters 2 & 3)

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