Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphatic capillaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They absorb dietary fats from the small intestine and return them to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient has swelling in their right arm after lymph node removal. Which lymphatic duct is most likely affected, and what area does it drain?

Accepted Answer

Right lymphatic duct; drains the right upper limb, right side of head and thorax.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin for glucose regulation.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops over time.

Question 5

Which of the following is a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.

Question 6

A patient with pneumonia has fluid accumulation in the alveoli. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between alveolar air and blood.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and respiration according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 8

During an allergic reaction, which cells release histamine after IgE antibodies bind to their surface?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the events during normal expiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm relaxes, thoracic volume decreases, and air is expelled from the lungs.

Question 10

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 11

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty exhaling due to narrowed airways and increased mucus production.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 14

Which type of cell is responsible for antibody production in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cell

Question 15

What is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$the alveoli if the atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg and oxygen makes up 21% of the air?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.21 	imes 760 = 159.6 mm Hg$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of airflow through the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I proteins?

Accepted Answer

They present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the reversible reaction by which CO$$_2 is $$converted to and from HCO$$_3^- in $$the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a major physical factor influencing pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension in the alveoli

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens, forming phagosomes that fuse with lysosomes.

Study Guide: Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems (Anatomy & Physiology)

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