Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

Which structure is NOT considered a general component of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Nerves

Question 3

A neuron consists of several parts. Which part is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals

Question 5

Why are most CNS neurons unable to divide and regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles required for mitosis

Question 6

Which classification of neurons is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons

Question 7

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds each individual nerve fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 8

Which glial cell of the CNS is primarily responsible for producing myelin?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 9

How does myelination affect the speed of action potential transmission along an axon?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed by allowing saltatory conduction

Question 10

Which type of glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain and produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 11

Which of the following is a main function of Schwann cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around peripheral axons

Question 12

Which factor does NOT directly affect the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The number of mitochondria in the neuron

Question 13

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a particular ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 14

Which type of gated channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 15

During an action potential, which phase is characterized by the rapid influx of sodium ions?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 16

Which statement best describes the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A period during which no new action potential can be initiated, regardless of stimulus strength

Question 17

Which process allows action potentials to 'jump' from one node of Ranvier to the next in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between EPSP and IPSP?

Accepted Answer

EPSP depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, while IPSP hyperpolarizes it

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates temporal summation at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Multiple action potentials arrive at a single synapse in rapid succession

Question 20

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which glial cell is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Study Guide: Nervous System Structure and Function

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