Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and trap pathogens, facilitating immune responses.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to blocked lymphatic vessels. What is the most likely physiological explanation for this edema?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lymphatic drainage leads to accumulation of interstitial fluid.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for the activation of cytotoxic T cells during cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 5

A vaccine provides immunity by stimulating which type of immune response?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity

Question 6

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation of B cells by antigen binding, followed by proliferation and differentiation into plasma and memory cells.

Question 8

A patient with HIV has a reduced number of which type of immune cell, leading to immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the Starling forces governing capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{net} = (P_c - P_i) - (\pi_c - \pi_i)$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of cytokines in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They mediate communication between immune cells and regulate inflammation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes self-tolerance in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

The ability of immune cells to ignore self-antigens and prevent autoimmune reactions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary immune response compared to primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

It produces a higher concentration of antibodies more rapidly.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies through breast milk.

Question 14

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC I molecules in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 16

A patient develops an autoimmune disease. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Failure of self-tolerance leads to immune attack on self-tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two heavy chains and two light chains forming a Y-shaped molecule.

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the destruction of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Release of perforin and granzymes leading to apoptosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood and removes old or damaged red blood cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They process and present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immunity.

Study Guide: The Immune System in Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard