Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To ventilate the lungs and facilitate gas exchange between air, blood, and tissues

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for moistening, warming, and filtering inhaled air before it reaches the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 3

What is the main role of the cilia in the respiratory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

To sweep debris-laden mucus toward the pharynx for swallowing

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the right and left lungs is correct?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes

Question 5

A patient is experiencing difficulty with gas exchange due to a lack of surfactant in the alveoli. Which cell type is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Type II great alveolar cells

Question 6

During quiet inspiration, which muscles are primarily responsible for expanding the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the right primary bronchus is more likely to receive aspirated objects than the left?

Accepted Answer

It is wider and more vertical

Question 8

A patient with pleurisy is experiencing pain due to inflammation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Pleural lining

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the pressure gradient required for pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta P = P_{alv} - P_{atm}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

To reduce friction, create a pressure gradient, and compartmentalize the thoracic cavity

Question 11

A patient suffers trauma to the lower nasal septum and experiences a nosebleed. Which structure is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Erectile tissue of the inferior concha

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mucociliary escalator?

Accepted Answer

A mechanism by which cilia move mucus and trapped particles up toward the pharynx

Question 13

Which region of the pharynx receives both air and food and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the action of the vocal cords?

Accepted Answer

Adduction of the vocal cords produces a higher pitch sound

Question 15

A newborn is able to breathe and swallow simultaneously due to the position of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of alveolar macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Engulf and remove debris and pathogens from the alveoli

Question 17

A patient undergoes a tracheostomy. Which of the following is a critical consideration for post-procedure care?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the air is filtered and humidified before entering the lungs

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of airflow from the nasal cavity to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume during inspiration, according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the rhythmic engorgement of the erectile tissue in the inferior concha?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the nasal cavity from drying out by alternating airflow

Study Guide: The Respiratory System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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